Chinese Cheatsheet

The following is an excerpt from "Reform of the Chinese written language", Foreign Languages Press, Peking 1958.

Scheme for a Chinese phonetic alphabet

• In annotating the Chinese characters, the letters zh, ch and sh may be simplified as ẑ, ĉ and ŝ.


• Note 1. Seven categories of syllables as represented by the characters 知、蚩、詩、日、資、雌 and 思 take i as their vowel. They are spelt as zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci and si respectively.


• Note 2. The sound êrh is spelt er. As a final, it is represented by r. Thus: ertong (兒童 children), huar (花兒 flower).


• Note 3. When used alone, the vowel e is spelt as ê.


• Note 4. Y is used as a semi-vowel in syllables beginning with i when not preceded by consonants. This: yi (衣), ya (呀), ye (耶), yao (腰), you (憂), yan (烟), yang (央), ying (英), yong (雍).
    W is used as a semi-vowel in syllables beginning with u when not preceded by consonants. Thus: wu (烏), wa (蛙), wo (窩), wai (歪), wei (威), wan (弯), wen (温), wang (汪), weng (翁).
    Y is used as a semi-vowel in syllables beginning with ü when not preeded by consonants. In this case the two dots above u are omitted. Thus: yu (迀), yue (約), yuan (寃), yun　(暈).
    In syllables beginning with the consonants j, q and x, the two dots above u are also omitted. Thus: ju (居), qu (区) and xu (虚). But in syllables beginning with the consonants n or l the two dots must be retained. Thus: nü (女), lü (呂).


• Note 5. When preceded by consonants, iou, uei and uen are spelt as iu, ui and un. Thus: niu (牛), gui (旧), lun (論).


• Note 6. In annotating the Chinese characters, the letters ng can be simplified as ŋ.

念を持つ物

Note to self: If I ever need a Japanese example sentence corpus, I should steal where everyone else does. But mine shall have the correct version of:

キング牧師の支持者の中には、平和的に抗議するという彼の信念に疑いの念を持つ物も現れ始めた。

Intelligent Design Sort

Introduction

Intelligent design sort is a sorting algorithm based on the theory of intelligent design.

Algorithm Description

The probability of the original input list being in the exact order it's in is 1/(n!). There is such a small likelihood of this that it's clearly absurd to say that this happened by chance, so it must have been consciously put in that order by an intelligent Sorter. Therefore it's safe to assume that it's already optimally Sorted in some way that transcends our naïve mortal understanding of "ascending order". Any attempt to change that order to conform to our own preconceptions would actually make it less sorted.

Analysis

This algorithm is constant in time, and sorts the list in-place, requiring no additional memory at all. In fact, it doesn't even require any of that suspicious technological computer stuff. Praise the Sorter!

SimpleXPath

PHP's SimpleXML, although deficient when it comes to parsing tags within CDATA --

<div>Hello<em>World</em></div> is found to have "World" emitted and "Hello" be put into CDATA.

-- and interpreting invokation parameters --

simplexml_load_string( $xml, null, LIBXML_NOENT ) does nothing to disregard 'erroroneous entities' in <a href="my.php?a=1&b=2"> (&b is considered an entity and expected as &b;)

-- well although deficient in these subjects, is still useful since it provides subtree-accessbility via Xpath - in a simplified form.

Task: find all Div-tags that belong to class "foo".
Xpath (2.0) does it like this:

//div[@class="foo"]

This works error-free and result-free also in SimpleXML's Xpath implementation. However, this:

//div[contains(@class,"foo")]

works as expected.

Thanks to dimuthu for poiting this out.

URI has an authority component

This morning I changed computers and got this warning from the GWT.
Problem was: I had accessed my workspace over a network-path containing a UNC-element (e.g. \\myserver\gwt-src). Connecting the path to a driver letter on Windows worked fine.

Since I'll be using Eclipse over the same mount too, the other problem of having the AppEngine path stored in the workspace (and not being found when using an installation on another computer) is avoided as well.

GWT & Eclipse samples import

My first try on GWT. Also my about-first on Eclipse. I heard it's good but found that SciTE started up much faster, so I stuck with it until now.

Figuring out how to open the samples.

Changing into the directories (C:\Programme\eclipse\plugins\com.google.gwt.eclipse.sdkbundle.win32_1.7.0.v200907291526\gwt-windows-1.7.0\samples\Hello) and calling

ant hosted

works as expected. But the README files found there are outdata -- no importing using that method.

The real method is almost trivial (if you know Eclipse): create a new Java-project from the samples and then right-click Google -> WebToolkit Settings and enable it. Do not enable AppEngine on the Hello-Project.

Also described here: http://code.google.com/intl/de/eclipse/docs/existingprojects.html